Autobiography of indian scientists in physics

Indian physicist (1888–1970)

In this Indian name, the name Chandrasekhara is a patronymic, and the person should be referred to by the given name, Venkata Raman, or just Raman.

Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman (; 7 November 1888 – 21 November 1970), known simply as C. V. Raman, was an Indian physicist known for his work in the field of light scattering. Using a spectrograph that he developed, he and his student K. S. Krishnan discovered that when light traverses a transparent material, the deflected light changes its wavelength. This phenomenon, a hitherto unknown type of scattering of light, which they called modified scattering was subsequently termed the Raman effect or Raman scattering. In 1930, Raman received the Nobel Prize in Physics for this discovery and was the first Asian and the first non-White to receive a Nobel Prize in any branch of science.

Born to Tamil Brahmin parents, Raman was a precocious child, completing his secondary and higher secondary education from St Aloysius' Anglo-Indian High School at the age of 11 and 13, respectively. He topped the bachelor's degree examination of the University of Madras with honours in physics from Presidency College at age 16. His first research paper, on diffraction of light, was published in 1906 while he was still a graduate student. The next year he obtained a master's degree. He joined the Indian Finance Service in Calcutta as Assistant Accountant General at age 19. There he became acquainted with the Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science (IACS), the first research institute in India, which allowed him to carry out independent research and where he made his major contributions in acoustics and optics.

In 1917, he was appointed the first Palit Professor of Physics by Ashutosh Mukherjee at the Rajabazar Science College under the University of Calcutta. On his first trip to Europe, seeing the Medi

The early 20th century is considered a time when the foundation of modern physics was established around the world. Despite being a colonised nation, Indian physicists were not far behind in contributing to this revolutionary change in physics.

The pioneers of modern physics in India were C.V. Raman, J.C. Bose, Satyendra Nath Bose, etc., who inspired the next generations to take a leap forward in research and development, thereby playing an important role in the growth of scientific temper in India.

India’s Achievements in Physics

India’s contributions in physics have been remarkable, either from the pioneers like Sir CV Raman, J.C. Bose, Satyendra Nath Bose, etc., or from Subrahmanyam Chandrasekhar, Homi Bhabha, etc., just after independence. The next phase of physicists were Prahlad Chunilal Vaidya and Amal Kumar Raychaudhuri, both involved in the study of general relativity. Later, E. C. George Sudarshan and other modern physicists like Ashoke Sen have also made India proud. A detailed account of the contributions of the Indian physicists and the contemporary developments in the subject is being followed.

Top 10 Indian Physicists and their Contributions

The contributions of some notable Indian physicists are listed below:

Sir CV Raman

• Sir CV Raman is known for his work on the scattering of monochromatic light through a transparent medium, known as Raman Effect.
• He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930 for this work. He was the first Asian to get this recognition.
• The Raman Effect (scattering) provides information on molecular vibration and rotational energy, which are the basis of its numerous applications.
• The day on which the Raman Effect was discovered (February 28, 1928) is commemorated as National Science Day in India.

Jagdish Chandra Bose (1858-1937)

• Dr. Bose is popular as the inventor of the Crescograph, which can record even the millionth part of a m

The following article is a list of Indian scientists spanning from Ancient to Modern India, who have had a major impact in the field of science and technology.

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

Ancient India (Pre 300 BCE)

• Lagadha, astronomer, author of one of the oldest known treatises on astrology (around late 2nd millennium BCE and early 1st millennium BCE)
• Baudhayana, mathematician, author of oldest surviving texts of Indian mathematics (around 1st millennium BCE)
• Atreya, physician, one of founding father of ayurveda (around 6th century BCE)
• Jivaka, physician, widely regarded as a model healer in the Eastern world during ancient times (5th century BCE)
• Sushruta, father of plastic surgery, author of Sushruta Samhita which is one of the most important ancient medical treatise (600–500 BCE)
• Panini, father of linguistics (600–400 BCE)
• Bogar, Alchemist (550-300 BCE)
• Charaka, physician (400–300 BCE)
• Kanada, natural scientist and philosopher who founded the Vaisheshika school of Indian philosophy which talks about atomism.(Unclear; 600–200 BCE)
• Shalihotra, veterinarian (3rd century BCE)

Classical period (300 BCE–500 CE)

Early medieval period (500–1000 CE)

• Varahamihira, astronomer (5th–6th century CE)
• Vagbhata, physician (6th century CE)
• Brahmagupta, mathematician and astronomer (598–688 CE)
• Bhaskara I, mathematician and astronomer (600–680 CE)
• Haridatta, astronomer (6th century CE)
• Lalla, astronomer and astrologer (720–790 CE)
• Madhava-kara, physician (7th–8th century CE)
• Virasena, logician and mathematician (792-853 CE)
• Gautama Siddha, astrologer, astronomer and compiler in Tang Dynasty, introduced 0 and Indian numerals in China (8th century CE)
• Shankaranarayana, astronomer and astrologist (840–900 CE)
• Mahavira, mathematician (9th century CE)
• Halayudha, mathematician (10th cent

“Jagadis Chandra Bose’s wireless inventions antedated those of Marconi.”

Overhearing this provocative remark, I walked closer to a sidewalk group of professors engaged in scientific discussion. If my motive in joining them was racial pride, I regret it. I cannot deny my keen interest in evidence that India can play a leading part in physics, and not metaphysics alone.

“What do you mean, sir?”

The professor obligingly explained. “Bose was the first one to invent a wireless coherer and an instrument for indicating the refraction of electric waves. But the Indian scientist did not exploit his inventions commercially. He soon turned his attention from the inorganic to the organic world. His revolutionary discoveries as a plant physiologist are outpacing even his radical achievements as a physicist.”

I politely thanked my mentor. He added, “The great scientist is one of my brother professors at Presidency College.”

I paid a visit the next day to the sage at his home, which was close to mine on Gurpar Road. I had long admired him from a respectful distance. The grave and retiring botanist greeted me graciously. He was a handsome, robust man in his fifties, with thick hair, broad forehead, and the abstracted eyes of a dreamer. The precision in his tones revealed the lifelong scientific habit.

“I have recently returned from an expedition to scientific societies of the West. Their members exhibited intense interest in delicate instruments of my invention which demonstrate the indivisible unity of all life. The Bose crescograph has the enormity of ten million magnifications. The microscope enlarges only a few thousand times; yet it brought vital impetus to biological science. The crescograph opens incalculable vistas.”

“You have done much, sir, to hasten the embrace of East and West in the impersonal arms of science.”

“I was educated at Cambridge. How admirable is the Western method of submitting all theory to scr