Mahmoud guinea biography graphic organizer

Abstract

The etiology of anemia in adults is often multifactorial. This case highlights an uncommon combination of causes of anemia and the importance of a diagnostic workup guided by a patient's unique history, risk factors, and laboratory findings.

Keywords: anemia, hematology, infectious diseases, pernicious anemia, schistosomiasis, vitamin B12 deficiency

The etiology of anemia in adults is often multifactorial. This case highlights an uncommon combination of causes of anemia and the importance of a diagnostic workup guided by a patient's unique history, risk factors, and laboratory findings.

1. INTRODUCTION

Anemia is the most common hematologic disorder and is often multifactorial in etiology. In a 23‐year‐old Guinean male, we identify the first known case of anemia due to schistosomiasis and pernicious anemia. The patient ultimately improved with a combination of supportive care, Praziquantel, and vitamin B12 supplementation.

Anemia, defined as a reduction in the absolute number of circulating red blood cells, is the most common hematologic disorder, affecting almost 1/4 of the world's population. Anemia is rarely a normal finding and may reflect one or more underlying disease processes. Broadly, this includes bleeding, increased destruction or underproduction of red blood cells. In adult patients, the etiology of anemia may be typically multifactorial. Characteristic signs and symptoms result from reduced oxygen delivery to tissues and, in the case of bleeding, hypovolemia. Here, we present a clinical case of an otherwise healthy male of Guinean descent with severe, symptomatic anemia secondary to two uncommon processes: pernicious anemia and schistosomiasis resulting in lower gastrointestinal bleeding. The findings in this case underscore the importance of pursuing a thorough diagnostic workup informed by the patient's unique history, physical exam, and initial laboratory findings.

2. CASE HISTORY/EXAMINATION

The patient, a 23‐year‐old male

a/an

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Abbas, Mahmoud

(Palestinian Authority president.) We should call him Mahmoud Abbas alone, unless he is referred to in a quotation as Abu Mazen, when we can use the formula "Mahmoud Abbas, also known as Abu Mazen" to explain. In feature-type pieces it would be acceptable to use both terms.

Aboriginal

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abortion

Avoid pro-abortion, and use pro-choice instead. And use anti-abortion rather than pro-life, except where it is part of the title of a group's name. 

Abu Bakar Ba'asyir

A Muslim cleric, alleged spiritual leader of militant group Jemaah Islamiah, convicted of charges relating to the bombings in Bali and at the Marriott Hotel in Jakarta. Give full name at first mention; subsequently Ba'asyir. 

Abu Hamza al-Masri

At first mention only, spell out his full name - thereafter he can be referred to as Abu Hamza. Never shorten the name to "Hamza", even in a headline. 

Abu Qatada

(Radical Palestinian-Jordanian cleric.) He remains Abu Qatada at second reference. 

Acas    

(ie initial cap only) NB: it is not the government's Advisory, Conciliation and Arbitration Service. It is independen

In his critique of anti-colonial nationalisms, Mamdani argues that the lines of division at independence were “political rather than social: on the one side were those who claimed the independent state as the patrimony of the nation; on the other were those that were politically excluded.” 36 For Mamdani, the division was therefore internal (between those belonging to the nation and protected by the state, and those who were not), rather than external (between nationalists and imperialist capital), as is commonly assumed. Mamdani’s emphasis on internal division is not entirely misplaced, but differences between reified ethnicities inherited from colonialism are not the only ones we should pay attention to. “The end of radicalism”—a phrase used by historian Wunyabari O. Maloba to describe Kenya’s first post-independence president, Jomo Kenyatta’s, elimination of his leftist opposition between 1963 and 1978—refers to the violent and almost complete erasure of any radical socialist opposition by post-independence regimes. 37 Maloba’s phrase forces us to reconsider the under-theorized political assassinations committed by national liberation governments which sought to bring about the “end of ideology” in Africa and fuse party, state, and nation in the one-party state.

The final report of the Truth, Justice and Reconciliation Commission of Kenya, published in 2013, gives us an idea of the extent of the injustices and abuses committed in Kenya between December 1963, when Kenya officially gained its independence, and 2008, when the post-election violence ended. The report, which collected over 40,000 statements and 1,000 memoranda, showed that political repression reached its apex under Kenyatta’s Kenya Africa National Union, which was also responsible for the largest number of political assassinations in the country’s history. By independence, Kenyatta, who had been portrayed as a Soviet-trained Mau Mau leader in British and international media until around 1963, ha